Research · Glossary

The Rice Theory

Concept Psychology Explanation

The theory that major global cultural differences can be explained by the grains we consume.

In short, wheat = individualism (west), rice = collectivism (east)

“Ask Americans to describe themselves, and chances are you’ll get adjectives like “energetic,” “friendly” or “hard-working.” In Japan, the responses would likely be much different. “Dependent on others” and “considerate” might pop up, studies have found.

Psychologists have known for a long time that people in East Asia think differently, on average, than do those in the U.S. and Europe. Easterners indeed tend to be more cooperative and intuitive, while Westerners lean toward individualism and analytical thinking.

Now psychologists have evidence that our ancestors planted some of these cultural differences hundreds of years ago when they chose which grains to sow.”

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