Detecting Causality in Complex Ecosystems
Convergent cross mapping: a method that distinguishes causality from correlation in nonlinear systems “not covered by the current Granger causality paradigm.” In the Garden as a precision instrument: it falsifies the claim that causal inference is impossible in complex systems, while its domain (long ecological time series) means it doesn’t license tracing a narrative intervention to a social outcome. Both halves matter.
Also see Contribution Analysis - Making Causal Claims in the Face of Complexity.
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